The replication of chromosomes by eukaryotes occurs in a relatively short period of time because each chromosome contains multiple replicons. Prokaryotic such as bacteria often contain only one chromosome with one origin at which two replication forks assemble and move in opposite directions.
The beneficial uses of bacterial toxins in medicine are more and more used lately. For example, Botulinum toxin is a toxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum which has paralytic effects (injection of this toxin into muscle relax specific muscles). Botulinum toxin accomplishes his effects on the neuromuscular junction where he prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach). Utilization of this toxin is in the treatment of various muscle spasms. It is also used in the treatment of migraines. Diphtheria toxin is also one of the toxins used for medical purposes for the treatment of cutaneous and non-Hodgkin T-cell lymphomas. <span>Some bacterial toxins can be used in the treatment of tumours. For example, immunotoxin, which is protein made by fusion of modified antibody and toxin.The antibody binds to an antigen on the target cell, the toxin then enters via endocytosis and kills the cell. Commonly used bacterial toxins in immunotoxins are Diphtheria toxin and the Pseudomonas exotoxin.</span>
<h3>Chromosomes are the thread-like structure found in the nuclei of both animal and plant cells. They are made of protein and one molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Organisms grow by undergoing cell division to produce new cells and replace older, wornout cells. During this cell division, DNA must remain intact and keep its even distributionthroughout the cells. Chromosomes are important to this process to ensure the DNA is accurately replicated.</h3>
Explanation:
The Sun emits radiation right across the electromagnetic spectrum, from extremely high-energy X-rays to ultra-long-wavelength radio waves, and everything in-between. The peak of this emission occurs in the visible portion of the spectrum.
