Eric Hobsbawn held that the Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 1780s and was not fully felt until the 1830s, while T.S. .... Rapid industrializatin first began in Britain, starting with mechanized spinning the 1780s, with high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occuring after 1800s.
The definition of Birds of passage is hose who intended to immigrate temporarily to earn money and then return home. So I would say the first answer.
Hope I helped.
Could I please get brainliest.