Transcription and translation are known as the central dogma of biology in which proteins are synthesized from DNA. Transcription similar to translation in terms of base pairing as transcription starts at the promoter and translation begins at the start codon.
Further Explanation:
Central dogma implies that DNA is replicated and can be transcribed into RNA which will be translated into proteins. With the flow of central dogma, one can obtain proteins. They play an important role for supporting life. Transcription involves the following steps:
- RNA polymerase (RNA Pol) binds to the promoter region of the DNA and unwinds the part of the strand to be transcribed.
- RNA Pol always transcribes the 3’ to 5’ strand of DNA and mRNA forms in 5’ to 3’ direction.
- RNA Pol keeps binding free nucleotides complementary to the strand of DNA, i.e. adenine with uracil and guanine with cytosine.
- A termination sequence signals RNA Pol molecule to stop and the process of transcription is terminated.
- mRNA strand frees itself from the DNA strand and is ready to undergo further modifications.
Translation initiates when the ribosome binds to mRNA and tRNA attaches itself to the start codon.After the first amino acid is attached, the ribosome passes to another codon elongating the chain of amino acid from the mRNA sequence. When the ribosome reaches the stop codon, it folds the amino acid chain into the form of protein. Thus, translation and transcription are similar as transcription start at promoter whereas translation initiate at start codon.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Biology
Chapter: Genetics
Keywords:
RNA, polymerase, DNA, promoter, ribosome, strand, attaché, transcription, translation, process, codon, anti-codon, amino acid.
