Chloroplasts should be the answer
Mendel crossed the dominant smooth seeded pea plant (SS) with the recessive wrinkled seeded pea plant (ss). The F 1 generation produced the heterozygous smooth seeded plants with a genotype Ss. When two heterozygous pea plants (Ss) are crossed in the F2 generation represented by Ss x Ss, the gametes formed are S and s. In the second generation, out of the total offspring produced, 3 have the smooth seeded phenotype and 1 has wrinkled seed phenotype. Thus the phenotypic ratio is 3: 1 with one out of four plants being a wrinkled seeded pea plant.
The right answer is law of segregation
Mendel derives from his observations two fundamental principles, to which will be added later a third resulting. In his case, experiments on peas enabled Mendel to formulate the principles involved in heredity.
<u>Mendel discovers that:</u>
* A character can present two different forms (today called alleles or homologous genes).
* An organism inherits two factors for each trait (Mendel's hereditary factors are now called "genes").
* The dominant factor masks the recessive factor. Mendel noted the dominant factor using a capital letter and the other, the recessive, using the same letter but in lower case
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* The two factors separate during gamete formation (Segregation law that corresponds to the separation of homologous chromosome pairs during meiosis)
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* The pairs of factors separate independently of each other (independent segregation law that corresponds to the independent assortment of chromosome pairs homologous to metaphase 1 of the first meiotic division).
An organ system like the respiration system
