An outline provides the key words or the important details in a text which basically helps the readers focus and analyze more what the text is trying to convey.
Religious extremism (isis, middle eastern area)
Being racist towards people doing the jobs that no one else wants to do(racist towards Mexicans, although they are doing the jobs no one else wants to do)
Well, it depends on what you're looking for but .gov and .edu websites are credible.
.org websites can be of good use too, but not all of them are credible
The options? I just learned about direct characterization so I'm able to help