Light speed in water is 2.25 times 10^5 m/s so the index of refraction is higher than the index of refraction of light in a vacuum which is 1.0. (speed in vacuum for light is 300,000 km/s)
Index of refraction of light in water is 3.0 time 10^5 m/s divided by 2.25 times 10^5 m/s = 1.33.
Hope this is what you wanted.
The proximal tubule fluid is more hyperosmotic than the renal cortex, but this does not influence what is causing the acid-base disruption.
<h3>How does hyperosmotic work?</h3>
In the extracellular space, the first drop in temperature results in the formation of crystals, which creates a hyperosmotic environment that draws water out of the cells and causes them to contract. Organelles & biological membranes are damaged as a result of inner crystal formation as the temperature drops.
<h3>What transpires inside a hyperosmotic environment to a cell?</h3>
A cell submerged in a 10% dextrose hyperosmotic , osmotic pressure solution would initially lose area as water departs and then start gaining proportion as glucose is delivered through into cell as moisture follow by osmosis. This is because water crosses cell surfaces more quickly than solutes do.
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Answer: A small middle portion of the sperm contains the mitochondria. The tail of the sperm, sometimes called the flagellum, is a slender, hairlike bundle of filaments that connects to the head and middle portion. The tail gives the sperm cell movement. It whips and undulates so that the cell can travel to the egg.
Answer:
D. heterotrophic by ingestion, pseudopods
Explanation:
Protists are generally classified as all eukaryotic organisms that are not plants, animals or fungi. Example is amoeba, paramecium etc.They may be unicellular or multi cellular in nature.Most exist in colonies.
Their mode of nutrition can be photosynthetic or hetrotrophic. Hetrotrophic protists can be divided into phagotrophs and osmotrops/saprotrophs. The phagotrophs makes use of the cell body to engulf the food materials as in amoeba ,carry out extracellular digestion before swallowing it.
Osmotrops absorbed dissolved food from surrounding liquid environments directly. (Some photosynthetic protists can also be heterotrophic.
Amoeboid movement is the mode of locomotion of protists and some other eukaryotes. It involved the protrusion of cytoplasm, which exert pressure on the cell membrane to form pseudopodia and the posterioly evolved <u>Uropods. </u>
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<u>Sol-gel theory has been proposed to expalin this movements, The ectopalsm of amoeba is gelly-like , while the endiplams is less viscpus and said to be sol. The interchange of the cytoplasmic fluis between the endo-and ecto plasm gives the SOL-GEL propulsion of the protopalms for the amoebic moveemnts .</u>
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<u>The false feet(psuedopodium) drags the amoeba along in the direction of the flow of the cytoplasm.</u>
Therefore option D is the right option
