Two criteria that would identify the three muscle tissues are myofibers and nuclei.
There are three types of muscles:
1. Skeletal-Contains many nuclei along the length of the muscle cell. The nuclei are displaced peripherally. The skeletal fibers are arranged parallel. The myofibril is composed of bands.
2. Smooth-This tissue contain spindle-shaped cells with a single central nucleus. Smooth muscle fibers are shorter than skeletal.
3. Cardiac-The fibers of cardiac muscle are not simply parallel. Cardiac muscle fibers are long cylindrical cells with one or two nuclei.
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Answer: These may be:
- physical defenses (1st line)
- chemical defenses (2nd line)
Explanation:
Plants employ several methods in order to defend themselves from pathogens. These may be physical defenses or chemical ones. Several have adaptations to their surfaces that prevent the entry of pathogens, called physical barriers such as
- thick waxy cuticles
- thorns, which are modified plant branches
- spines, which are modified plant leaves
- gall production at infected sites to prevent pathogenic spread
Chemical defenses include the production or secretion of:
- defensins
- antimicrobials such as tannins or resins
- gum at areas facing pathogenic attacks