Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, Obama was the first African-American president of the United States
Answer:
Muslim forces ultimately expelled the European Christians who invaded the eastern Mediterranean repeatedly in the 12th and 13th centuries—and thwarted their effort to regain control of sacred Holy Land sites such as Jerusalem. Still, most histories of the Crusades offer a largely one-sided view, drawn originally from European medieval chronicles, then filtered through 18th and 19th-century Western scholars.
Explanation:
Only the private sector can create both positive and negative externalities.
First of all, the Spanish (along with the rest of the large European countries at the time) had guns and other military technology. With the advantage of having gunpowder, the Spanish were able to relatively easily conquer the indigenous peoples in the Americas. Another point is the Spanish military training; the American civilizations had no military training that matched the strict codes of the European countries, so the precision of the Spanish helped them conquer.
Most came with their own money and training
