The answer would be b. Fluorescence
Water-soluble nutrients stored in blood are routed directly from the small intestine through the portal vein to the liver before any other organ. The portal vein or hepatic portal vein is a blood vessel which carries blood from the GI tract, to the liver. The blood contains nutrients and toxins extracted from digested contents. The portal vein is not a true vein, since it conducts blood to capillary beds in the liver and not directly to the heart. It is the main component of the hepatic portal system.
Answer:
Since the beginning of life of the first multicellular organisms, the preservation of a physiologic milieu for every cell in the organism has been a critical requirement. A particular range of osmolality of the body fluids is essential for the maintenance of cell volume. In humans the stability of electrolyte concentrations and their resulting osmolality in the body fluids is the consequence of complex interactions between cell membrane functions, hormonal control, thirst, and controlled kidney excretion of fluid and solutes. Knowledge of these mechanisms, of the biochemical principles of osmolality, and of the relevant situations occurring in disease is of importance to every physician. This comprehensive review summarizes the major facts on osmolality, its relation to electrolytes and other solutes, and its relevance in physiology and in disease states with a focus on dialysis-related considerations.
