Answer:
- Modern camels are more related to Camelops than to Aepycamelus.
- Pliauchenia and Oxydactylus may share similar feautres.
- Procamelus and Stenomylous may share similar features.
Explanation:
The chart given explains how the camels are evolved between Eocene (33 myo) and Pleistocene.
- According to the chart, modern-day camels (Camelus) are a closer phylogenetic relative of Camelops because they are clustered together in the Pleistocene age section. However, Aepycamelus is last recorded in the Upper Miocene and later became extinct (or no record is found in Pliocene and Pleistocene).
- Pliauchenia and Oxydactylus have a single ancestor "Protylopus" which can be seen in the Eocene age. Although Protylopus were branched to two species in upper Miocene, it is not difficult to believe that they share many genetic similarities (features) in both lineages.
- Similarly, Procamelus and Stenomylous are the descendants of Poebrotherium and got apart at the end of the Oligocene, therefore, they will also share several features similar to each other.
Sunlight help to provide energy to the plant to complete the process. Basically, the plant harvest the solar energy.
The assortment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis is random and generates genetic variation, the raw material for evolution.
During metaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes are lined up at the equator plate of the cell in order to be separated (assorted) in anaphase I.
The separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I is random. Daughter cells receive unique gene combinations from an original parent cell.
Subsequently, haploid cells got from two successive meiotic divisions fuse during fecundation to form a diploid (2n) zygote.
During prophase I, non-sister chromatids interchange genetic material by a process known as recombination. This genetic process also increases genetic variation in daughter cells.
In conclusion, the assortment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis is random and generates genetic variation.
The specific volume will be different for various kinds of cells. The safe answer would be that the new cell will pretty much have the same volume as the one that it divided from. This is true for most eukaryotic cells unless other factors like epigenetics or mutations come into place.
One example of moments a cell would increase in volume is during hypertrophy. This simply means that the cell is increasing in size (compared to: hyperplasia -- which is an increase in number of the cells). Hypertrophy is definitely an increase in volume of the cell but this doesn't necessarily translate to cell division (i.e. just because the cell is big now, doesn't mean it will still be big when it divides).
Another moment of increasing volume of the cell and now also related to cell division would be during the two stages in the cell cycle (i.e., G1 and G2 phases). This is the growth phase of the cell preparing to divide. However when mitosis or division happens, the cells will normally end with the same volume as when it started.
This are safe generalizations referring to the human cells. It would help if a more specific kind of cell was given.
