Answer:
Louis XIV brought France to its peak of absolute power and his words 'L'etat c'est moi' ('I am the state') express the spirit of a rule in which the king held all political authority. His absolutism brought him into conflict with the Huguenots and the papacy, with damaging repercussions.
Military Combatant: France
Military Conflict: War of the Spanish Succession
Explanation:
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Richard went gallently off to war, leaving his brother, an incompetent ruler, in his stead. John was so bad that the Magna Carter was signed on his watch. That was helpful because it took some of the monarch's power away. It didn't help everyone since it only gave rights to some of the nobility, but it was a start.
That was one effect of the crusades in England. Richard the Lionhearted likely would have had the same difficulties that John had to cope with. Richard was not a great politician (he put rebellions down with force), but he was a very gifted military technician. John faced the problem of having not much of an army to resist those wanting him to sign the Magna Carta. That should get you started.
Runes are the letters of the alphabet used by the Norse Vikings (located in northern Europe).
Answer:
Animistic religions.
Explanation:
They worshipped forces of nature - the sun, the moon, the wind, etc. - and also believed in spirits. There are still animistic religions in the world just like shinto in Japan, whose practice is combined with Buddhism. Also the practice of Taoism in China and Taiwan shows some elements of animism.