Education had a huge problem because of segregation. During the time, African-Americans were segregated in separate schools and the best schools were left for the white elites. This left a long lasting mark that heavily influenced the Civil rights movement later in the 60s when they started fighting segregation in education. It is one of the reason why many affirmative action policies exist even nowadays to protect African-Americans.
Literature during the period transferred from a belief that we should all love each other and be spiritual which was before the war during Transcendentalism, into an era that strove to be heavily realistic and depict the harshness of everyday life among the people. This literature wrote about social injustice that was faced in life and inspired many policies that prevented such behavior such as laws about food manufacture regulations which came after the book the Jungle.
Visual arts also changed. American schools of paintings started opening up with ideas about American ideals and American people. They no longer just copied the movements that were popular in Europe, but rather started developing their own movements which inspired Europeans. This opened the way for many other artists that came later after world war 2 who were trend setters in Arts.
In fascism, remember, individuals exist only in relation to the State. The principles of democracy and capitalism, which stemmed from the European Enlightenment of the 18th century, stood in the way of the power of the State.
