St. Pierre, the most important city on Martinique economic and socially, was destroyed by the nuee ardente, or the pyroclastic flow from a volcanic eruption in May 1902. The city was known by many as the "Paris of the Caribbean" and its destruction greatly altered the influence of the French on the island.
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The first reason is their size. They are very small and are very difficult to see. Special technology needed to be developed in order to observe them and their behavior and reach the conclusion that they were in fact infectious agents that could cause diseases. This wasn't possible before because the microscopes weren't as well developed.
Another is that they have a very long incubation period. This means that if you have them, a long time will pass before they start harming you which meant that many people believed them to be harmless since they couldn't track their behavior over a longer time period, also due to the lack of good technology.
Woodrow Wilson's economic and social reforms were related to one another. Campaigning for the presidency in 1912, Wilson set forth a platform he called "The New Freedom." The ideas of the "New Freedom" platform called for various progressive reforms, a number of which were enacted during Wilson's first term in office as President.
Wilson's economic reforms included:
-- Tariff reform. The Underwood Tariff Act, passed in 1913, lowered tariffs for the first time in several decades. This went against protectionist interests of businesses and favored the common person as a consumer of goods, allowing competition that would lower prices.
-- Business reform: The Federal Trade Commission Act, passed in 1914, set up the Federal Trade Commission to put a stop to illegal business practices. This was another move that favored the American buyer over the big business owners.
Banking reform: The Federal Reserve System was created in 1913, and the Federal Farm Loan Act was passed in 1916 (to help farmers obtain loans). These were further moves to aid the average American over against the power of big businesses and banks.
All of these economic reforms aimed at helping members of society, a part of Wilson's overall progressive plans for social justice. During his administration, some other social reforms were enacted, such as setting a maximum 8-hour workday for railroad workers and setting a minimum working age of 14 for most jobs limiting work hours for minors. Some of Wilson's bigger campaign promises, however, never did get enacted, such as establishing a national health care system. And while the New Freedom campaign had promised social justice and equal opportunity for all, regardless of race, in practice Wilson's presidency supported racial segregation. Thus, major social reforms were less successful under his watch than were economic reforms that benefited the lower and middle classes within society.
There were two particularly important reasons why the state might have sponsored such organized ridicule and abuse of minorities. The first reason was that identifying minorities in this way allowed people to have someone to "blame" for the problems of the country. Minorities were accused of causing financial problems, or hoarding jobs or of accumulating wealth they did not deserve.
The second reason why this attitude was useful to the state was that it encouraged the unity of people who did fit the traditional definition of "German." By having a common enemy, white Germans were more likely to become unified and to collaborate with one another in the development of the Nazi state.
