Answer:
mutations can be either beneficial or harmful depending on the environment
Explanation:
Mutations can be defined as genetic changes in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of one organism. Mutations are usually neutral, but they can also be deleterious and/or beneficial depending on the environment. For example, recessive mutations that cause sickle-cell anemia, which is a recessive genetic disease that affects homo-zygous individuals, have shown to be advantageous for heterozygous individuals living in regions where malaria is endemic. Beneficial mutations can be selected by natural selection, thereby increasing their frequency in the population.
Crossing over, or recombination, is the exchange of chromosome segments between nonsister chromatids in meiosis. Crossing over creates new combinations of genes in the gametes that are not found in either parent, contributing to genetic diversity.
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Fats and Proteins can be used as a supplement for energy if sugar is not available.
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Answer:
Autotrophs are organisms that use light energy or energy stored in chemical compounds to make their own food.
1st order heterotrophs are organisms that eat only plants
2nd order heterotrophs are organisms that eat herbivores
3rd order heterotrophs: organisms that eat herbivores and other carnivores
Top group: carnivores
Explanation:
Producers are named as such because they produce their own food either by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. These organisms are called autotrophs and include plants.
There are various levels of consumers. The first is first order heterotrophs, which feed on the producers. These are herbivores and include, for example, a deer feeding on grass.
The next is second order heterotrophs, which feed on the first order heterotrophs. E.g. an owl eating a mouse. These are carnivores
The next layer are also carnivores, third order heterotrophs which eat second order heterotrophs, for example a lion eating a zebra.
