Answer:
examining the internal reliability of the measures across cultures.
Explanation:
The first option here 8s the answer to this question. Psychometrics equivalence can be defined as a specific and a special type of validity in psychology. This type of validity is used when the relationship between measures is the same across various groups or across cultures. Psychometrics is a field of study that carries out measurements and testing in psychology.
Of the 4 choices, given, the most fitting is B-Democracies. However, Aristotle mostly advocated for Aristocracy above all other governments.
Answer:Sociological research is especially important with respect to public policy debates. The political controversies that surround the question of how best to respond to terrorism and violent crime are difficult to resolve at the level of political rhetoric. Often, in the news and in public discourse, the issue is framed in moral terms and therefore, for example, the policy alternatives get narrowed to the option of either being “tough” or “soft” on crime. Tough and soft are moral categories that reflect a moral characterization of the issue. A question framed by these types of moral categories cannot be resolved using evidence-based procedures. Posing the debate in these terms narrows the range of options available and undermines the ability to raise questions about what responses to crime actually work.
In fact policy debates over terrorism and crime seem especially susceptible to the various forms of specious, unscientific reasoning described later in this chapter. The story of the isolated individual, whose specific act of violence becomes the basis for the belief that the criminal justice system as a whole has failed, illustrates several qualities of unscientific thinking: knowledge based on casual observation, knowledge based on over-generalization, and knowledge based on selective evidence. The sociological approach to policy questions is essentially different since it focuses on examining the effectiveness of different social control strategies for addressing different types of violent behaviour and the different types of risk to public safety. Thus, from a sociological point of view, it is crucial to think systematically about who commits violent acts and why.
Although moral claims and opinions are of interest to sociologists, sociological researchers use empirical evidence (that is, evidence corroborated by direct experience and/or observation) combined with the scientific method to deliver sound sociological research. A truly scientific sociological study of the social causes that lead to terrorist or criminal violence would involve a sequence of prescribed steps: defining a specific research question that can be answered through empirical observation; gathering information and resources through detailed observation; forming a hypothesis; testing the hypothesis in a reproducible manner; analyzing and drawing conclusions from the data; publishing the results; and anticipating further development when future researchers respond to and re-examine the findings.
Explanation: The major factors responsible for these experimentations had earlier being revealed and portrayed.
Yes it is diffusion Why?
Well diffusion<span> refers to the process by which molecules intermingle as a result of their kinetic energy of random motion. Consider two containers of gas A and B separated by a partition. The molecules of both gases are in constant motion and make numerous collisions with the partition. Hope this helped.</span>
Answer:
B. hold clear expectations about the way their grandchildren should behave.
Explanation:
The role of grandparents in the studied to have a significant impact on the development of their grandchildren and vice-versa. While talking about companion grandparents they presented their relationship as connected, loving, and playful. For most people, they fit the ideal grandparenting profile but they not get involved with parenting and disciplining of their grandchildren.
