During the first industrial revolution, the affected nations moved from a rural economy, based on agriculture and trade, to an urban, industrialized, mechanized, simplified and, thus, overcrowded economy. In 1800 it was possible to have a sustained growth of wealth that allowed the transition to a wide use of innovative machines, especially in transport and work, abandoning animal traction and production based on manual labor.
During the second industrial revolution The exponential development of railways, while structuring a new model of international trade based on the specialized production of each country and the exchange of materials from standardized prices, also enabled huge migratory movements, like boiler boats that even transported large masses of people on intercontinental trips, as was the case of the 55 million Europeans who migrated to North America between 1850 and 1940.
The cause of the great migrations during the second industrial revolution was, mainly, the tremendous demographic growth that there was in Europe during the eighteenth century, which in turn had different causes.
Here's your list:
<u>MONKS</u>;
- lived in monasteries
-
copied manuscripts of books
<u>THE POPE</u>:
-
considered to be infallible
- held the most power within the hierarchy of the church
-
could excommunicate the king
Some further explanation:
The history of monasticism (the life of monks) goes back at least as far as the 3rd century of Christian history. St. Anthony was famous in those days for going out into the desert to live by himself, and others followed his example. Beginning in the 4th century, communities of monks began to form to live in community with one another in monasteries. Copying books was one of their occupations together, along with prayer and daily tasks.
The office of the pope developed out of the position of the Bishop of Rome. Over time, the Bishop of Rome asserted more and more power over other bishops in the church. Leo the Great (5th century) and Gregory the Great (end of 6th century) were two key figures in advancing the power of the "universal bishop" of Rome as leader of the whole church. The doctrine of the pope being "infallible" (unable to be in error) when speaking on matters of faith and doctrine was not officially proclaimed until the First Vatican Council in the 19th century. However, that belief about the pope's authority had developed long before that, already during the Middle Ages.
It raised income maybe relating to economy ...
30-Wisconsin-Midwest Region
13- Rhode Island-Northeast Region
34- Kansas- Midwest Region
