A stock exchange occurs in a centralized location, think Wall Street and the Stock Market. An over-the-counter market does not. Over-the-counter markets are considered less formal compared to exchanges. OTCs are less transparent and operate on fewer rules than exchanges. This can be both good and bad for those involved.
Brown V. Board of Education helped the civil rights movement of the 50's as it declared that school segregation between white's and black's was unconstitutuional and therefor not allowed in the United States.