Answer and explanation;
Most medieval art is religious for decorating churches. Most Renaissance art was commissioned by nobles and rich families.
Style: Medieval art was mostly flat and dark of human religious figures. Renaissance style is Realism with an emphasis an nature, beauty, shadow and light.
Medieval paintings were flat, with little sense of depth. The Renaissance saw the teaching of realistic perspective, shading, lighting, and proportions.
They belong to the state court system
The spread of Islam into the Maghreb is an example of Arab invasion of North Africa. The Arabs send Muslim army to Maghreb (modern morocco) to battle against Byzantines and allies, and finally conquer most of the North Africa were many Berbers (locals of Maghreb) join the Muslim army. After Arabs gain more power in the region, the Berbers are now ready to adopt and convert to Islam as well as the Arabic culture.
I would say that Christopher Columbus was influenced by the travels of Marco Polo.
He was greatly inspired by his travels and wanted to become as famous as Polo was as an explorer, and eventually, he did follow in his footsteps. Polo's travels changed the European perception of the Asian world, and as you know, Columbus also wanted to go to Asia, but he ended up in America.
