The bottom one because equal is balanced
Answer:
a) $0.5145 million
b) $7.35 million
Explanation:
Given:
Permanent debt outstanding = $35,000,000
Expected marginal tax rate = 21%
a) Suppose they pay an interest of 7% per year on debt. Find the annual interest tax shield.
To find annual interes tax shield use the formula below:
Annual interest tax shield =Total par value of Debt × interest rate × tax rate
= $35,000,000 × 7% × 21%
= $35,000,000 × 0.07 × 0.21
= $514,500
Annual interest tax shield = $0.5145 million
b) What is the present value of the interest tax shield, assuming its risk is the same as the loan?
Use the formula:
Present value of the interest tax shield = Annual interest tax shield /loan interest rate
= $514,500 / 7%
= $7,350,000
present value of the interest tax shield = $7.35 million
Answer:
Taylorism
Explanation:
Taylorism, often referred to as Scientific Management, was the first theory of management to focus specifically on analyzing and optimizing workflows. These theories of process optimization helped drive the Fordist shift to mass production which occurred in the early part of the 20th Century. Taylorism can be boiled down to 4 principal points: The method of doing a task should be informed by a scientific investigation of the task , employees should be selected and carefully trained for tasks ,tasks should have detailed instructions and should be subject to supervision and management should evaluate tasks and formulate optimized approaches for the workers to follow .
Some forms of analysis might be done by timing how long it takes a worker to do a task, others by weighing raw materials. Process analysis, for Taylor, had to look at both the minutiae of the process composition and the detail of the physical acts required to complete the process. The elements of process improvement Taylor advocated for were successful in regards to processing materials; changing the way steel was cut and patenting that process. Yet, during his life, Taylor struggled to achieve quite the same success improving the efficiency of workers. Taylorism was first scientifically understanding how the production process worked and then supporting the managers of a workplace to intimately train workers to work at maximum efficiency. This way, the means towards higher returns is paved with a well-managed, harmonious relationship between managers and workers. In theory, this would have been a much more sustainable model for an organization. But despite that promise, people, although genetically similar, are intrinsically unique and complex. Aligning different minds and ushering people to a new way of working (from individual craft, to standardized production), sometimes require more time and effort than bringing in a new piece of technology.
Manuel is retired and receives a fixed payment from his pension each there is inflation when the buying power of his pension will fall
This is further explained below.
<h3>What is
inflation?</h3>
Generally, Inflation refers to the rate at which prices continue to grow during a certain period of time, and the term may also refer to inflation itself. In most cases, inflation is assessed on a broad scale, such as the overall increase in prices or the growth in the cost of living in a particular nation.
To put inflation in its most basic form, it may be thought of as the general upward trend in the prices of goods and services over time. What this implies is that a dollar spent now won't purchase as much in the future. In other words, it will lower your ability to purchase things in the future.
In conclusion, Manuel is now retired and receives a certain amount from his pension on an annual basis. In the event that there is inflation, Manuel will be able to buy a lesser total amount with his pension money.
Read more about inflation
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Answer:
<u>Physical flow schedule</u>
Inputs
Beginning Work in Process 86,300
Add Units Started 105,900
Total 192,200
Outputs
Units Completed and Transferred 172,900
Units in Ending Work in Process 19,300
Total 192,200
Explanation:
A physical flow schedule is simply a schedule of units introduced into the process and units outputs without expressing them to equivalent units.
Units Introduced must always be equal to units outputs in physicals terms.
<em>Units Completed and Transferred = Beginning Inventory + Units Started - Units in Ending Work in Process</em>
= 86,300 + 105,900 - 19,300
= 172,900
