The term for words such as after, before, following, and then would be "conjunctions". If you're having trouble remembering this just think about how they "join" at a "junction" two different parts of a single sentence.
“Nothing can be gained without effort” Nothing is the receiver of the action. action is “can be gained,” and “without effort” can be considered the doer of action. Passive is where the action is done to the subject. Sorry if the sentence was written wrong
1. wife
2. ecstatic
3. She realizes her security depends on her husband. Hope this helps!
explain that beauty can fade
In these lines, Shakespeare uses the word fair to talk about beauty. Often during this time period describing a person as fair meant that they were beautiful and unblemished. The lines say that fair declines, or goes down. This means that beauty can fade either by chance or because that is just the way nature intended. Sonnets are love poems. He is not using the sonnet to teach a lesson about nature and he does not define the meaning of fair. Also, in these lines he is saying that beauty changes so the last option is completely wrong.