Creating a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in higher plants uses cyclic electron flow (CEF), which primarily serves two purposes: (1) producing ATP and balancing the ATP/NADPH energy budget; and (2) defending photosystems I and II from photoinhibition.
ATP and NADPH are produced by noncyclic electron transport. The single product of cyclic electron transport was ATP. Both steps are required by a plant to produce the required amount of ATP for the Calvin Cycle. The electrons are released by photosystem I and then brought back into the system during cyclic photophosphorylation. However, in non-cyclic photophosphorylation, the electrons that the photosystems emit do not come back.
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Answer:
A, B, C
Explanation:
One is a channel, one is a carrier, the other is simple
Answer:
The movement of the plates creates three types of tectonic boundaries: convergent, where plates move into one another; divergent, where plates move apart; and transform, where plates move sideways in relation to each other. They move at a rate of one to two inches (three to five centimeters) per year.
A way of storing carbon in organic material is Burning fossil fuels or D all of these
Answer:
The volume of the rubber stopper is 8.3 mL.
Explanation:
because the initial volume of the water was 12.5 mL and the new volume was 20.8 mL. So you subtract the 20.8 minus 12.5 and you get 8.3 mL.
