Enzymes attach to a particular substrate and weakens the intermolecular forces
The common difference between them is that they are all bacteria.
Hope it’s helps
Answer:
Option b. is correct
Explanation:
If hydronium ion concentration
is given then pH is given by ![-log[H_3O^+]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=-log%5BH_3O%5E%2B%5D)
The hydronium ion refers to the hydrogen ion in aqueous solution.
A Tomato has A Proton Concentration Of 0.00006 M
Here, 0.00006 is equal to 6 × 
So,
pH is given by - log [6 ×
]
Option b. is correct
It seems you forgot your options, but here are some things found in a chloroplast:
grana
Granal thylakoids
Stroma
Nukleloids (DNA rings)
Ribosomes
Starch granules
membranes
Now, some examples of thing NOT found in a chloroplast:
Endoplasmic Reticulum (that's another organelle)
Answer:
b. actively transport Cl- from the ECF to the external environment.
Explanation:
Chloride cells are cells that are found in the gills of teleost fishes which pump large amount of sodium and chloride ions out from the extracellular fluid (ECF) into the sea or environment against a concentration gradient in marine fish.
The opposite of this process occurs in freshwater fishes where the gills of freshwater teleost fish, cause an influx of sodium and chloride ions into the fish from the environment, also against a concentration gradient.
Mechanism of action
Salt water teleost fishes take in large amounts of seawater to decrease osmotic dehydration. The excess of ions derived from seawater is thrown out of the teleost fishes through the chloride cells. These cells employs active transport on the basolateral (internal) surface to diffuse in chloride, which then is pumped out of the apical (external) surface, straight into the surrounding environment. Such mitochondria-rich cells are located in the region of the gill lamellae and filaments of teleost fish.