Answer:
The answer is B. Van der Waals forces are weaker than ionic and covalent bonds.
Explanation:
In general, if we arrange these molecular forces from the <u>strongest to weakest</u>, it would be like this:
<h3>Covalent bonds > Ionic bonds > Hydrogen bonds > Dipole-Dipole Interactions > Van der Waals forces</h3><h3 />
Covalent bonds are known to have the strongest and most stable bonds since they go deep and into the inter-molecular state. A diamond is an example of a compound with this characteristic bond.
Ionic bonds are the next strongest molecular bond following covalent bonds. This is due to the <u>protons and electrons causing an electro-static force</u> which results to the strong bonds. An example would be <em>Sodium Chloride (NaCl)</em>, which when separated is <em>Na⁺</em> and <em>Cl⁻</em>.
Van der Waals forces, also known as Dispersion forces, are the weakest type of molecular bonds. They are only formed through <u>residual molecular attractions when molecules pass by each other.</u> It doesn't even last long due to the <u>uneven electron dispersion</u>. It can be made <u>stronger by adding more electrons in the molecule</u>. This kind of molecular bonds appear in <em>non-polar molecules</em> such as <em>carbon dioxide</em>.
<h2>Protein folding </h2>
Explanation:
- Molecular chaperones bind to nascent and folding or misfolded proteins (through improperly exposed hydrophobic regions) and stabilize the polypeptide so it can fold into its native state
- They have the ability to prevent non-specific aggregation by binding to non-native proteins
- They play an important role in protecting cells from being damaged under environmental stress, such as extreme heat, poisoning, or mental stress
- Most common chaperones are heat shock proteins which are also called stress proteins
- The intracellular folding environment for proteins is chaotic because of the presence of other biomolecules, folding proteins, improper or fluctuating pH, heat, and other denaturants
- Chaperonins provide actual chambers for misfolded proteins to properly refold, segregating the protein from the chaotic cellular environment.
- The main key function of chaperonins is to assist in the folding of large protein molecules
PARTHENOGENESIS
The females lay unfertilized eggs that develop into females.
Lunar maria (plural form of the Latin word mare, which means sea) are dark surfaces that can be found all over the moon (17% of the Moon is covered in them) that have been created as a result of volcanic eruptions. These areas are made up of basalt, and given that they seemed almost waterlike, the astronomers in the distant past mistook them for seas, whence their name comes.
When it comes to craters, their origin is quite similar - volcanic eruptions created them. When lava starts erupting from a volcano, it has to get out from somewhere - and thus craters are created. If you are referring to lunar craters, however, there are many speculations as to how they were created: due to volcanic eruptions, meteoric impact, or glacier activity.
Answer:
Explanation:
Photosynthesis Vs. Respiration
1) Photosynthesis gets it's energy from sunlight, and uses the sunlight to change water and CO2 into energy. Cellular respiration gets it's energy from glucose molecules and oxygen.
2) Photosynthesis uses energy, CO2, and water to make energy and releases oxygen. Cellular respiration uses glucose molecules and oxygen to make energy, and releases CO2 and water.
3) Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria, and photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts.