It occurred chiefly due to the economic interventionism of the Japanese government and partly due to the aid and assistance of the U.S. aid to Asia. After World War II, the U.S. established a significant presence in Japan to slow the expansion of Soviet influence in the Pacific.
A monarch takes power in a hereditary way. It means that the king is chosen by his father. If a king has children, he asks his eldest son to replace him.
The last Muslim kingdom of Spain. It was seized by Ferdinand and Isabel being seen as one of the "problems" of 1492. Granada had a lot of Muslim influence (El Alhambra- a major region for trade and markets for European and luxury goods)
So Im guessing Europe
A person who believed in 'popular sovereignty' would believe that each territory should decide whether it becomes a free or slaveholder state.
I'm torn between a and b, because they both happened in that time period.