Smartphone applications can offer real-time, customized interventions for quitting smoking. The current study evaluates the efficacy of a smartphone-based smoking cessation application that gave messages customized to current smoking lapse risk and specific lapse triggers and assessed risk for impending smoking lapse numerous times per day.
- A safety-net hospital's smoking cessation program recruited participants (N=59) who underwent five phone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) every day for three weeks in a row.
- A new weighted lapse risk estimator was used to evaluate the risk of smoking lapse in real-time.
- Participants in each EMA received messages that were customized to their level of risk for an impending smoking lapse as well as their self-reported presence of smoking urges, stress, access to cigarettes, and motivation to quit.
- Using generalized linear mixed model analysis, it was assessed if communications that were specifically targeted towards lapse risk variables resulted in bigger decreases in these triggers than messages that weren't.
<h3>What results can we observe?</h3>
- In general, communications that were specifically matched to smoking urge, cigarette availability, or stress resulted in higher decreases in those triggers than messages that were not (p's=0.02 to 0.001).
- When only instances of high stress were included in the analysis, the connection between messages adapted to stress and higher reductions in stress than messages not tailored to stress was non-significant (p=0.892).
<h3>What can be concluded?</h3>
- Mobile technology can be utilized to deliver personalized treatment information and do real-time smoking lapse risk assessments.
- Findings offer the first concrete proof that customized material may have an effect on users' stress levels, temptation to smoke, and access to cigarettes.
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Answer:
b.a computerized tomography (CT) scan.
Explanation:
The best technique to get an accurate image of the brain is a computerized tomography (CT) scan. This is a medical imagine technique where by different x-ray image of the brain taken from different angles are combined together with the aid of computer processing to give a clear picture of that section of the brain.
<u>Pat</u><u>, because of the effects of </u><u>effort justification.</u>
<h3><u>What is justification for effort?</u></h3>
The tendency for people to rate a task or activity higher when it involves anything challenging or unpleasant. When there are no evident justifications for performing the task, the outcome is most likely to happen. Because exerting effort to complete pointless or unpleasant work, or suffering unpleasant consequences, as a result, is cognitively inconsistent (see cognitive dissonance), it is hypothesized that people will change their assessments of the task to be more positive in order to restore consistency.
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The answer is: A. It is aligned with values, challenging objectivity.
Action research is a form of research that conducted by offering some sort of progressive solutions to the communities that are experiencing some sort of problems. (such as hate groups, vandalism, etc)
While the intention might be good, action research is undeniable based on value, since the solutions that offered by the researchers would only based on what the researchers think as morally right. This will create a bias in the way their view the result of their research.
