Well you start off by doing 27% of 500 which equals 135 then you minus 135 from 500 which leads you to 365 and there is your answer
For a translation 4 units down you would subtract 4 from each y value and 5 units right you would add 5 to each x value.
Your resulting points would be.
A'(-1,1), B'(-1,-2), C'(3,-2), D'(3,2)
The answer to the equation is 12.