I think "to explain the benefits of phosphorus", because it says that because of the change, it would ignite when rubbed on any dry surface, there is not any spluttering, etc. It may also be the first one, however.
Yes, he does. Now what's your question?
Henry's character was created in the form of paternalism. There is a symbolism of patriarchical descend as patterned in societies nowadays. It's like when the society ignores women's rights so does the character of Henry in thr story.