Answer:
1. Covenant- solemn and binding agreement
2. Ruth- ancestor of David and Jesus
3. Zealots- anti-Roman Jews
4. Circumcision- token of the Abrahamic Covenant
5. Moses- type of Christ the Deliverer
6. Esther- protector of the Jews
7. Rosetta Stone- Napoleon's Egyptian campaign
8. Bar Kochba revolt- Hadrian and Aelia Capitolina
9. Bethlehem- Church of the Nativity
10. Holocaust- great or widespread destruction
11. Jerusalem- Siloam Inscription
12. Moses Mendelssohn- translated the Pentateuch into German
13. Samuel- prophet and judge of Israel
14. Archaeology- the study of ancient things
Explanation:
1. In biblical times, the covenant was seen as the most binding solemn agreement between two parties, especially relevant between God and his people, the Israelites.
2. Ruth, the mother of Obed, was the great grandmother of King David. She was the ancestor of David and later on Jesus Christ.
3. Zealots were the political party composed of anti-Roman Jews who opposed the occupation of Israel by the Romans.
4. The act of circumcision is the token of covenant that Abraham was asked to do by God when he went to live in Canaan. Genesis 17:13 says "<em>Whether born in your household or bought with your money, they must be circumcised. My covenant in your flesh is to be an everlasting covenant.</em>"
5. Moses was the pre-figure that resembles the type of Christ the Deliverer. He was led by God to help take His people, the Israelites out of Egypt.
6. Esther, the queen of the Persian King Xerxes who replaced Queen Vashti. She was a Jew who saved all the Jews in the kingdom from being annihilated.
7. Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign brought the Rosetta Stone. This stone was discovered during the Egyptian campaign under Napoleon, a black basalt slab of stone that will later become the most important key to learning about the ancient Egyptian language and history.
8. Aelia Capitolina is the capital colony built under the rule of Emperor Hadrian in Jerusalem. This place later became part of the Bar Kochba revolt that took place between 132-136 AD.
9. Nazareth in Bethlehem is the Church of the Nativity, the place of Jesus Christ's birth.
10. Holocaust was the extreme torture and discrimination faced by the Jews under the German Nazi reign. This holocaust period was a period of widespread terror, death and destruction. It was also referred to as one of the greatest genocide of all times.
11. Siloam Inscription is a slab of inscribed text found in the tunnel in Siloam near East Jerusalem. This ancient Hebrew inscription gave a description of the cutting and completion of the tunnel in Siloam which was first ordered by King Hezekiah.
12. Moses Mendelssohn was a German Jewish philosopher who translated the Pentateuch into German. Also famous for his translation of the Psalms into German, he also advocated for the civil rights of the Jewish people.
13. The Prophet Samuel was a prophet as well as judge of Israel. He would deliver God's words to the people of Israel, giving them advice, or reprimanding them whenever they do any wrong. He also anointed David and Saul when they were chosen to be King of the Israelites.
14. Archaeology is the study of the history of human and prehistoric times, by the excavation of the ancient grounds and finding relics during that period.