In the treatment applied to dogs, in 22% of the dogs, the cell specialization process was not successful because the stem cells did not improve the arthritis problem
Stem cells are a type of cell that can transform into any of the 44 types of cells in the body, in a process called cell specialization. For instance:
- Neurons
- Sperms or ovules
- Pneumocytes
- Cells of the epidermis
Cell specialization is a term that refers to the process in which stem cells change from one cell type to another, stem cells modify their genetic expression, acquire specific morphology and functions.
According to the above, the treatment process that was not successful in 22% of the dogs was the cell specialization process, so they could not become the type of cell required to improve the condition of the dogs.
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Population density is the aspect of population ecology of the black-tailed prairie dog does this statement describe.
Explanation:
Population density is the number of organisms are there in per unit area. It is used to measure geographical area occupied by organisms and its statistics.
In population ecology the structure, dynamics and contribution of population of species is studied. The idea of species distribution is studied in it.
The population density determines the number of species or members of particular population are present is a particular area.
An area of low density population will have more resources and more area per organism and less competition for resources and vice versa for high density population.
Prairie dogs have 12 adults per hectare of area this tells the population density of the rodents.
Answer:
diffusion of the hormone through a target cell membrane
formation of a hormone-receptor complex
activation of a gene
cellular response to the hormone
production of a protein
Explanation:
Steriod hormone are primary hormones derived from lipids. Such as reproductive hormones i.e the testosterone and the estrogens, which are produced by the gonads (testes and ovaries). Steroid hormones are not soluble in water (they are hydrophobic). For a new cell to be activated by a steriod hormone, there are a lot of steps invovled, Steriod hormones must travel to their target cell bound to a transport protein (i.e diffusion of the hormone through a target cell membrane).
Once the hormone binds to the receptor in the targeted cell, a chain of events is initiated that leads to the target cell’s response (I.e formation of a hormone-receptor complex). Hormones plays a vital role in the regulation of physiological processes because of the target cell responses they regulate.
The message a hormone sends is received by a hormone receptor, (a protein located either inside the cell or within the cell membrane). The receptor will process the message by initiating other signaling events such as (activation of a gene) or cellular mechanisms that result in the target cell’s response. Hormone receptors recognize and respond to them (i.e cellular response to the hormone). Thus, the response triggered by a hormone depends not only on the hormone, but also on the target cell.
Once the target cell receives the hormone signal, it can respond in a variety of ways. The response may include the (production of protein synthesis), activation or deactivation of enzymes, alteration in the permeability of the cell membrane, and stimulation of the secretion of products. etc
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