Answer:
The harmful effects of chemicals on biological systems
Explanation:
Toxicology is an interdisciplinary subject that involves chemistry, pharmacology, biology and medicine. Mathieu Orfila is known as the father of modern toxicology.
Toxicology generally deals with the study of harmful effects of poison or chemicals on the living system. Rate of exposure, age, sex and duration of dosage are some factors that can influence chemical toxicity.
Thus, the correct answer is option (a).
Answer:
Increased activity increases heart rate
Decreased activity decreases heart rate.
Athletes typically have lower resting and active heart rates
Explanation:
(a) Habitat loss and fragmentation
(b) The introduction of exotic, non-native species.
(c) Overexploitation or over harvesting.
(d) Habitat loss and fragmentation.
(e) Habitat loss and fragmentation
(f) Over exploitation or over harvesting
(g) Introduction of exotic , or non native species
(h) Over exploitation or over harvesting.
