Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
The genes, which are part of DNA, contain the<u> genetic information</u> inherited from the parents determine the traits of an organism.
The ‘complete set of all the genes and the DNA’ is called the genome which stores the entire set of information of how an organism is structured and maintained.
The pattern of dominant and/or recessive traits and the genetic variations are determined by the allelles.
Explanation:
The genetic codes in the genes represent the particular amino acid codes and their linkages specific to particular protein. The amino acids link together to form long polypeptide chains of protein molecules.
These proteins determine various traits through various roles like:
Messenger proteins: Hormones like insulin, estrogen etc., control and coordinate various functions of the body
Pigments: Like melanin determines the color of the hair, skin, eyes.
Structural protein: Like keratin gives structure of hair, nails; myosin determines muscle structure
Antibodies: Determine the immunity of a person
Ion channel proteins, messenger proteins, structural proteins, receptor proteins etc.: Determine various physiological traits.
Explanation:
Lipids are composed of fatty acids which form the hydrobic tail and glycerol which forms the hydrophilic head; glycerol is a 3-Carbon alcohol which id water soluble, while the fatty acid tail is a long chain hydrocarbon (hydrogens attached to a carbon backbone) with up to 36 carbons.
Their polarity or arrangement can give these non-polar macromolecules hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. Via diffusion, small water molecules can move across the phospholipid bilayer acts as a semi-permeable membrane into the extracellular fluid or the cytoplasm which are both hydrophilic and contain large concentrations of polar water molecules or other water-soluble compounds. The hydrophilic heads of the bilayer are attracted to water while their water-repellent hydrophobic tails face towards each other- allowing molecules of water to diffuse across the membrane along the concentration gradient.
Transmembrane proteins are embedded within the membrane from the extracellular fluid to the cytoplasm, and are sometimes attached to glycoproteins (proteins attached to carbohydrates) which function as cell surface markers or at as doorways for other molecules to pass through. Cholesterol, which is comparatively rigid, anchors other molecules attached to the membrane, maintain membrane stability or structural integrity and aid in separating some lipids, helping with membrane fluidity at low environmental temperatures.
Remember, essential features:
- lipid bilayer
- cholesterols
- proteins (cell markers and doorways)
Learn more about membrane components at brainly.com/question/1971706
Learn more about plasma membrane transport at brainly.com/question/11410881
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