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torisob [31]
3 years ago
8

What are some factors that might cause a cell to be unable to regulate its cell cycle​

Biology
1 answer:
jenyasd209 [6]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Some of the factors that might cause unregulated cell cycle are-

  1. Genetic mutation
  2. Growth factors
  3. inactivation of tumor suppressor gene
  4. Disregulation of cell cycle check points
  5. Oncogenic retroviruses.

Explanation:

1. Genetic Mutation- mutation in the proto-oncogenes can turn them into oncogenes which stimulate cell division. Some common causes of genetic mutation are radiations, chemical agents called mutagens, etc.

2. Growth factors- these are the molecules that bind to receptor proteins to initiate a signaling pathway that can result in cell cycle.

3. Tumor suppressor genes- these are the genes responsible for stopping the cell to enter cell cycle. Inactivation of these genes can cause unregulated cell division.

4. Cell cycle checkpoints - during the cell cycle, a cell has to pass through certain checkpoints which make sure the continuity or stopping of the process. Problem in their regulation can cause uncontrolled cell division.

5. retroviruses- These are the viruses who have RNA as their genetic material instead of DNA. They replicate via DNA intermediate which when they insert inside a cell can start cell cycle.

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What is going on in this image?
Nuetrik [128]

The image shows the transcription process in which mRNA is being synthesized. DNA double strands open in the transcription bubble and RNA polymerase acts there to add the correct nucleotides.

<h3>What is transcription?</h3>

In protein synthesis, the first step is to synthesize messenger RNA, mRNA.

Transcription is the coping process of the DNA section, occurs inside the nucleus membrane, and uses fragments of DNA molecules to do it.

During transcription, the DNI molecule separates into two strands to form the transcription bubble. At this point, two strands can identify, the coding strand and the template strand.  

  • The coding strand goes in direction 5' to 3' and carries the same nucleotides as mRNA, except for thymine which is replaced by uracyl in the RNA molecule.

  • The template -complementary- DNI strand is read in direction 3´→ 5´ to build the mRNA molecule in direction 5´→ 3´.

While growing, the mRNA strand complements the DNA template strand. Bases complementation is as follows,

  • Adenine pairs DNA Thymine
  • Uracyl pairs DNA Adenine
  • Guanine pairs Cytosine
  • Cytosine pairs Guanine

The enzyme RNA polymerase reads the original DNI strand to add the correct nucleotides during mRNA synthesis.

Once transcription is over, mRNA moves to the cytoplasm to begin the translation process.

In the image we can see

1) the DNA molecule at the left. We can differenciate the template strand from the coding one.

2) the transcription bubble and RNA polymerase acting there.

3) Growing mRNA which complements the template strand

4) Available free nucleotides which are added to the polymere

You can learn more about transcription at

brainly.com/question/9791055

#SPJ1

8 0
1 year ago
A sample of rock is found to contain 200 grams of a parent isotope.how many grams of the parent isotope will remain after one ha
emmasim [6.3K]

Answer: 100 grams of the parent isotope will remain after one half life.

Explanation:

Mass of the isotope present at initial stage = N_o=200 g

The mass of the parent isotope left after the time ,t=N

Time taken by the samle ,t = t_{\frac{1}{2}}

The half life of the sample :t_{\frac{1}{2}}

N=N_o\times e^{-\lambda t}

\lambda =\frac{0.693}{t_{\frac{1}{2}}}

\ln[N]=ln[N^o]-\frac{0.693}{t_{\frac{1}{2}}}\times t_{\frac{1}{2}}

2=\frac{[N_o]}{[N]}

[N]=\frac{N_o}{2}=\frac{200 g}{2}=100 g

100 grams of the parent isotope will remain after one half life.

5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
The end result of succession is a stable ecosystem known as a___________
Shtirlitz [24]
The answer is: A- climax community
8 0
3 years ago
Which of the following is NOT a function of a glycocalyx?
Furkat [3]

Answer:

  The incorrect assertive is letter C. it forms pseudopodia for mobility.

Explanation:

  The glycocalyx or glycocalyx is a wrapper outside the plasma membrane present in animal cells and some protozoa. The term glycocalix derives from the Greek glykys, sugar, and the Latin calyx, bark, a sugar peel. It consists of lipid-associated carobhydrates, commonly called glycolipids, and protein-associated caroboidates, called glycoproteins.

  According of all functions we have about glicocalix, the assertive letter C is the only is not a function about this structure. The other ones, like allows bacteria to stick to a host or the environment, biofilm formation and protection a bacteria about the drying out process are function of the glycocalix.

8 0
3 years ago
Describe how heat affects the state of matter of a substance.<br><br><br>Thank you!❤​
Darina [25.2K]
Heat creates energy... the atoms move faster and faster, which changes the state of matter.
for example:
if a solid is heated, it turns to a liquid
if a liquid is heated, it turns to a gas

hope this helps?
3 0
2 years ago
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