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g100num [7]
3 years ago
6

Como el sistema inmune combate los virus que están dentro de las células?

Biology
2 answers:
Lostsunrise [7]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Can u translate this to english pls

Explanation:

yaroslaw [1]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Explanation:

Inmunidad innata frente a los virus

Tal y como destaca la infografía más arriba, los principales mecanismos de la inmunidad innata contra los virus son la inhibición de la infección por los interferones tipo I y la muerte de las células infectadas por los linfocitos NK. La infección provocada por muchos virus se asocia a la producción de interferones (IFN) tipo I, y por las células dendríticas, especialmente las del tipo plasmacitoide, en respuesta a productos de los virus. Varias vías bioquímicas desencadenan la producción de IFN. Entre ellas están el reconocimiento de ARN y ADN víricos por los TLR endosómicos y la activación de receptores citoplásmicos tipo RIG y la vía STING por el ARN y el ADN víricos, respectivamente. Estas vías convergen en la activación de proteína cinasas, que, a su vez, activan los factores de transcripción IRF que estimulan la transcripción del gen del IFN. Los IFN tipo I inhiben la replicación vírica en las células infectadas y sin infectar. Los linfocitos NK matan células infectadas por virus y son un mecanismo importante de inmunidad contra los virus al principio de la infección, antes de que se desarrollen las respuestas inmunitarias adaptativas. La expresión de moléculas de la clase I del MHC se suspende a menudo en las células infectadas por el virus como un mecanismo de escape de los CTL. Esto posibilita que los linfocitos NK maten a las células infectadas porque la falta de la clase I libera a los linfocitos NK de un estado normal de inhibición. La infección vírica también puede estimular la expresión de ligandos activadores de los linfocitos NK en las células infectadas.

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