Answer:
Generally, mammals have a pair of bran-shaped kidneys. The mammalian kidney has 2 distinct regions, an outer renal cortex and inner renal medulla. Both regions are packed with microscopic excretory tubules, nephrons, and their associated blood vessels. Each nephron consists of a single long tubule and a ball of capillaries, known as glomerulus. The blind end of the tubule forms a cup-shaped swelling called Bowman’s capsule, that surround the glomerulus. From Bowman’s capsule, the filtrate passes through 3 regions of the nephron which are proximal tubule, the loop of Henle. A hairpin turns with a descending limb and an ascending limb and the distal tubule. The distal tubule empties into a collecting duct, which receives processed filtrate from many nephrons. The many collecting ducts empty into the renal pelvis, which is drained by ureter.
For the structure of nephron, each nephron is supplied with blood by an afferent arteriole, a branch of the renal artery that subdivides into the capillaries of the glomerulus. The capillaries converge as they leave the glomerulus, forming an efferent arteriole. It is surrounded by the Bowman’s capsule. The double-walled epithelial Bowman’s capsule is formed by the invagination of the blind end of the nephron. The glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule form the first region of the nephron and is known as the renal corpuscle or the Malpighian body. The capillary walls are composed of a single layer of endothelial cells with openings between them with a diameter 50-100nm. These cells are pressed up against basement membrane which completely envelops each capillary, separating the blood in the capillary from the lumen of Bowman’s capsule. The inner layer of the Bowman’s capsule is composed of a cell called podocytes which have arms that give off structures resembling tube-feet called foot processes or secondary processes. The secondary processes support the basement membrane and capillaries beneath it and gaps between the processes (slit pores) facilitate the process of filtration. The Malpighian body leads into the remainder of the tubule.
Genetic variation is the variation in the DNA sequence in the genome of an organisms. Organisms of a species have similar characteristics but they are not identical due to genetic variation. Genetic variation is important in the survival and the adaptability of a given species of organism. Therefore, in this case lack of genetic variation necessary to adapt to change in the environment will lead to extinction of the fish species that lacks the variation.
Random distribution is the probable distribution pattern of opossums.
Explanation:
The opossums are the member of low density population. They are sparsely distributed because of the low number. There are troubles for them to find a mate.
Their habitat makes them solitary as they have flexible dietary habits. they are terrestrial animals living in burrows and are nocturnal.
They have random distribution pattern. The opossums are distributed in the population as random. The mates in opossums do not have choices of mates and the environment conditions in which they live are stagnant.(having no social life). Random interaction is seen in <em>species which do not have any social bonding</em> between the species of the animals or plants.
Explanation:
The uneven warming of the earth surface causes land and sea breeze over the land and water.
Water has a very high specific capacity and it takes more heat to cause a fractional increase in its temperature. During day, the air around water is cold and dense and under high pressure.
The land adjacent to the water, is a better conduct with a low specific heat capacity. When warming of the earth starts by the sun, the air on land heated by heat radiated from the surface. Air on land is warm, less dense and light.
This forces the air on land to move seaward and the cold air from the sea to move land ward and a sea breeze is set up.
At night the reverse is the case. The land loses heat very fast and the air around it is cold and dense. The water body does not lose heat so fast and the air around is warm and lighter. Air from the land replaces that on the surface of water and a land breeze is set up
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