The doctor has used INDUCTIVE REASONING. Inductive reasoning refers to a logical process in which multiple premises are combined to obtain a specific conclusion. The doctor used inductive reasoning to obtain the facts about the patient's symptoms.
A formed, photosynthesis, uses sunlight and carbon an uses it for energy or glucose
It is true because scientists often do that
We can rule out small fish and grasses. My guess is that zooplankton get their energy from phytoplankton, because phytoplankton use photosynthesis to get their energy.
Both a and b is an example of population increase of favored organisms.