Answer:
a. food pellet
Explanation:
In classical conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus is the stimulus that naturally elicits an unconditioned response. The unconditioned stimulus is usually paired with a neutral stimulus, and after pairing with a neutral stimulus, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits a conditioned response alone.
In the experiment described above in the question, <em>the unconditioned stimulus is the food pellet,</em> which naturally elicits the response of the rat to wait at the far left corner of the cage. The neutral stimulus which is paired with the food pellet is the vanilla scent, which now becomes the conditioned response, when paired alone.
La troposfera es la capa de la atmósfera donde una parte de la radiación infrarroja es absorbida por los gases de efecto invernadero.
En la capa de la troposfera, que es la capa más baja de la atmósfera, hay vapor de agua, dióxido de carbono, metano y algunos otros gases que son responsables de la absorción de la radiación infrarroja. Parte de la radiación infrarroja se escapa al espacio, pero una parte es detenida y absorbida por los gases de efecto invernadero presentes en la atmósfera.
Esta absorción de radiación infrarroja por los gases de efecto invernadero contribuye a un aumento de la temperatura de la superficie de la tierra y de la atmósfera. Entonces, podemos concluir que la troposfera es la capa de la atmósfera donde una parte de la radiación infrarroja es absorbida por los gases de efecto invernadero.
Learn more: brainly.com/question/25552770
Answer:
1. Stabilizing Selection
2. Directional Selection
3. Disruptive Selection
Explanation:
Stabilizing Selection
This type of natural selection occurs when there are selective pressures working against two extremes of a trait and therefore the intermediate or “middle” trait is selected for. If we look at a distribution of traits in the population, it is noticeable that a standard distribution is followed:
Example: For a plant, the plants that are very tall are exposed to more wind and are at risk of being blown over. The plants that are very short fail to get enough sunlight to prosper. Therefore, the plants that are a middle height between the two get both enough sunlight and protection from the wind.
Directional Selection
This type of natural selection occurs when selective pressures are working in favour of one extreme of a trait. Therefore when looking at a distribution of traits in a population, a graph tends to lean more to one side:
Example: Giraffes with the longest necks are able to reach more leaves to each. Selective pressures will work in the advantage of the longer neck giraffes and therefore the distribution of the trait within the population will shift towards the longer neck trait.
Disruptive Selection
This type of natural selection occurs when selective pressures are working in favour of the two extremes and against the intermediate trait. This type of selection is not as common. When looking at a trait distribution, there are two higher peaks on both ends with a minimum in the middle as such:
Example: An area that has black, white and grey bunnies contains both black and white rocks. Both the traits for white and black will be favored by natural selection since they both prove useful for camouflage. The intermediate trait of grey does not prove as useful and therefore selective pressures act against the trait.
It is choice B.
Haploid cells contain one copy of genetic information. (ex sperm, egg)
Diploid cells contain two copies of the genetic information. (ex muscle, bone brain, eye, etc.)
