There is a number of ways that Portugal and other European nations tried to challenge Spanish power:
1. illegal trade with Spanish colonies - given that Spain forbade any nation to trade with their colonies in the Americas, they had to do it illegally, without Spanish knowledge. Smugglers had a special role in this given that they did most of the work
2. pirates - these nations tried to do everything in their power to diminish the authority Spain had in the Americas. This is why they resorted to privateers - that is just a fancy name for pirates who preyed on Spanish ships in order to steal their treasure
If its world war 2 it because Germany moved on Africa which was a British colony
Answer:
#1: Bacon
#2: Descartes
#3: Copernicus
#4: Newton
#5: Scientific Revolution
#6: Enclosure
#7: Heliocentrism
#8: Copernicus
I don't know if #3 and #8 are right.
Answer:
That followed the American Civil War and during which attempts were made to redress the inequities of slavery and its political, social, and economic legacy and to solve the problems arising from the readmission to the Union of the 11 states.
Explanation: