The beneficial uses of bacterial toxins in medicine are more and more used lately. For example, Botulinum toxin is a toxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum which has paralytic effects (injection of this toxin into muscle relax specific muscles). Botulinum toxin accomplishes his effects on the neuromuscular junction where he prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach). Utilization of this toxin is in the treatment of various muscle spasms. It is also used in the treatment of migraines. Diphtheria toxin is also one of the toxins used for medical purposes for the treatment of cutaneous and non-Hodgkin T-cell lymphomas. <span>Some bacterial toxins can be used in the treatment of tumours. For example, immunotoxin, which is protein made by fusion of modified antibody and toxin.The antibody binds to an antigen on the target cell, the toxin then enters via endocytosis and kills the cell. Commonly used bacterial toxins in immunotoxins are Diphtheria toxin and the Pseudomonas exotoxin.</span>
Answer:
b. A Wood's light examination
Explanation:
A wood lamp examination is a test that uses ultraviolet light to examined a skin infected with bacteria or fungal infection.
Cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism
Answer:
Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease that affects the lungs. The lung tissue becomes damaged and scarred which causes it to be thickened and stiff.
The condition pulmonary fibrosis is caused by the replacement of elastic fibers in the lung with inelastic collagen fibers. This decreases the lungs’ ability to stretch outwards.
Pulmonary fibrosis however mainly affects inspiration because the lungs cannot stretch to increase volume while during expiration stretching of the tissues doesn’t happen so it doesn’t affect the process.
