A high-energy electron is transferred along an electron transport chain to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Hydrogen is pumped out of the matrix space by the energy released. Through ATP synthase, the gradient produced by this forces hydrogen back through the membrane. when participating in the crucial process of oxidative phosphorylation.
Only a tiny portion of the glucose's totally free energy is released when it is transformed into pyruvate by the glycolytic process.
The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate within a cell's cytoplasm is known as glycolysis. The final phase of cellular respiration, known as oxidative phosphorylation, generates ATP using an ATP synthase gradient and a hydrogen ion gradient. The majority of the ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced during this process. Pyruvate can diffuse into mitochondria under aerobic conditions, where it enters the citric acid cycle and has reducing equivalents in the forms of NADH and FADH2.
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Answer:
The model of the DNA can be related to a zipper. Just like the zipper, the two strands of the DNA are joined together by the hydrogen bonds present between the nucleotides. At the time of replication, the coiling of the two strands is undone just as the zipper is open. The two strands of the DNA open and separate just as the two stands of the zipper open and separate. Each strand can give rise to anew strand.
Just as the opening and closing of the zipper can cause damages in the zipper, just like this replication can cause errors in the DNA which lead to mutations.
Answer:
C. Disruptive Selection
Explanation:
Disruptive selection occurs when two extremes of continuous variation are favored more than intermediate traits.
The extremes of continuous variation exhibited in this species of snail is the color of their shell which allows them to blend with the background of their habitat.
The shady forest of the habitat makes the dark-shelled individuals to be better hidden from bird predators, while the light-shelled individuals are better hidden in well-lit brushy edge areas. This disruptive coloration exhibited by both individuals makes both individuals of this species of snail less vulnerable to predation.
Both individuals of this species both extremities would naturally survive in this habitat as snails with intermediate extremities would be highly preyed on since there is no area of intermediate brightness in the habitat to make them invisible to predators
