The answer to this question would be: <span>a) an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
In Pavlov experiment, the meat is </span><span>an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) because it doesn't need any learning. The meat will cause increased saliva production in the dog is it was reminding it of food. The bell, in this case, is conditioned stimulus because the dog learns the connection of the bell with the food.</span>
let u=speed of flow
A x v = n x a x u then u = A x v/ n x a
Explanation:
A) Cells of protist organisms do contain a nucleus. This kingdom is made up of species that do not really easily fit into other kingdoms such as the plant, animal, and fungi kingdom.
<em>B</em>
<em>plants are autotrophs, organisms that make their own food. With over 250,000 species, the plant kingdom is the second largest kingdom.</em>
Lipids are not polymers because they contain one molecule and are not macromolecules.
It is important so that the diffusion distance is shortened so gas exchange occurs more efficient.
As you may already know, lungs are used for gas exchange, and the alveoli is the surface for gas exchange. Gas exchange is where carbon dioxide from the blood capillaries (on the alveoli) are diffused into the alveoli, while the new oxygen that we breathed in are diffused to the capillaries.
Since the whole has exchange process relays on diffusion, so diffusion must happened fast in order to increase the efficiency. Therefore, the alveoli is only one cell thick so carbon dioxide and oxygen has a shorter distance to diffuse through so more of these gas can be exchanged.