The structures of chloroplast and mitochondria are similar. Both organelles consist of a smooth outer membrane, folded inner membrane (in chloroplasts called lamellae, in mitochondria called cristae), and fluid intracellular space (in chloroplast called stroma, in mitochondria called matrix). Only these structures allow those organelles to perform their function. The presence of folded inner membranes enables a formation of compartments inside the organelles. Differences in concentrations of hydrogen ions in those compartments are important for photosynthesis in chloroplasts and cellular respiration in mitochondria.
Intracellular Potassium Shifts and Impaired Potassium Excretion leads to elevated plasma K levels.
What is Hyperkalemia?
- Hyperkalemia, a potentially lethal condition, develops when serum potassium levels rise above 5.5 mmol/l.
- Potassium is the most common intracellular cation and is crucial for many physiological functions, at a concentration of 100-150 mmol/l. The digestive system quickly and usually fully absorbs potassium.
Causes:
- Increased Potassium intake: In adult patients with normal renal function, increased dietary potassium intake is a very rare cause of hyperkalemia, but it can be a significant factor in people with kidney disease.
- Intracellular Potassium Shifts: Large amounts of intracellular potassium can be released into the extracellular area as a result of cellular damage. Excessive activity, rhabdomyolysis after a crush injury, or other hemolytic processes can all be to responsible for this.
- Impaired Potassium Excretion: The most frequent cause of hyperkalemia is acute or chronic renal disease. Hyperkalemia may also result from tubular dysfunction brought on by aldosterone insufficiency or insensitivity.
Learn more about the Hyperkalemia with the help of the given link:
brainly.com/question/8920601
#SPJ4
What are "these" cells you are referring to?
Answer: He didn’t grow a plant without fertilizer.
Explanation: Manu has nothing to compare his plant to. Meaning, he cannot prove that fertilizers help plants grow. He needs to grow a plant with and without fertilizer.
Answer:
b. such as RNA and DNA
Explanation:
DNA and RNA represent essential molecules present in all organisms. These nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are composed of large chains of nucleotides that function to synthesize proteins required for cellular processes and to produce cell structures. Both RNA and DNA are highly stable biomolecules capable of storing and transmitting genetic information, which has been a requisite for the evolution of modern cells. Moreover, it is important to note that DNA is a double-stranded molecule and therefore it is more stable than single-stranded RNA.
