Explanation:
Both glutamate C5H9NO4, an amino acid and aspartame C14H18N2O5, an artificial sweetener and dipeptide ester, are digested as protein-like substances; they are made up of the elements C, H, O, N, S. Unlike other naturally occurring saccharide sweeteners, aspartame is not a carbohydrate.
Proteins are structural support molecules comprised of long chains of amino acids joined via peptide (CONH) bonds; these are 20 specific units that are arranged into several macromolecules. Amino acids are absorbed through digestion and are incorporated into the body’s cells to make up organs muscles signal molecules and an alternative energy source.
Basic makeup: C, H, O, N, S; polar C, O double bonds and N-H bonding
Further Explanation:
Large chains of monomers form biological macromolecules which carry out many essential functions in the body these can include nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. These are organic molecules, meaning they're ringed or long-chain Carbons bonded to the elements oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P).
- Similarly, the nucleic acids are comprised of smaller units called nucleotides and function as storage for the body’s genetic information. These monomers include ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). They differ from other macromolecules since they don’t provide the body with energy. They exist solely to encode and protein synthesis. <em>Basic makeup: C, H, O, P; they contain phosphate group 5 carbon sugar does nitrogen bases which may contain single to double bond ring.
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- Carbohydrates function to supply energy and support molecules they consist of mainly sugars or starches in long chains and rings to form monosaccharide monomers. They include monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides which describes the type of bonding and the degree of complexity of the polymers. <em>Basic makeup: C, H, O -with many polar OH groups
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- Lipids function as energy storage and chemical messengers, these include fats, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with double bonds and steroids and waxes. However, lipids are comprised of fatty acids and glycerol; they do not contain a fixed set of monomers, and unlike the other biological macromolecules, they are not polymers. The arrangement of hydrophobic heads and hydrophobic fatty acid tails can give these non-polar macromolecules hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties<em>. Basic makeup: C, H, O; non polar- a triple condensation reaction produces the molecules from a triple hydroxyl (OH) alcohol bonded to three long-chain carboxylic acids.
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Answer:
A. Earthquake
Explanation:
When plates slide past each other, the edges of these are earthquake zones. Earthquakes are formed but not volcanoes.
Answer:
DNA ligase
Explanation:
DNA replication is a process whereby a particular DNA makes a copy of or synthesizes itself. It consists of several steps with some important enzymes for successful, error free replication. The various steps are as follows;
- Unwinding of the double helix structure of the DNA and formation of replication fork. The enzyme involved here is the DNA helicase.
- Primer, a short piece of RNA becomes synthesized and binds to the 3' end of one of the 2 strands of the DNA, the leading strand. The enzyme involved is the DNA primase.
- Replication of the <em>leading strand</em> then proceeds with the elongation of the primer through the addition of bases in the 5' to 3' direction leading to the formation of continuous strands.
- The other strand of the DNA, known as the <em>lagging strand </em>starts its own replication by binding with multiple primers at different regions of the strand. Bases are then added to each primer leading to the formation of several, short discontinuous DNA strands known as Okazaki fragments. The enzyme involved in the elongation process is the DNA polymerase.
- Next is the termination of the replication process after the formation of the continuous and discontinuous strands. Exonuclease enzyme removes primers from the synthesized strands. Primers are replaced by appropriate DNA bases and the Okazaki fragments are joined to form a unified DNA strand by an enzyme known as the DNA ligase.
The many, few nucleotides long DNA segments observed by the Biochemist are the Okazaki fragments that should have been joined together by the DNA ligase.
Hence, DNA ligase must have been the component left of the mixture.
Answer:
meteorite striking the dinosaures
Answer:
a-translocation
b- digestion
c- egestion
d- nutrition
e- absorption and assimilation
