There are 4 valence electrons in an atom of carbon. Carbon is in group 4A of the periodic table. There are 6 electrons in a carbon atom but only 4 of them are valence. carbon can never form more than 4 bonds and is unhappy with less than 4.
Answer:
moving across both the plasma membrane and the outer membrane
Explanation:
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that have a plasma membrane, a thin peptidoglycan layer, and an outer membrane (the space between the plasma membrane and the outer membrane is known as periplasm). Moreover, Gram-positive bacteria exhibit neither outer membrane nor periplasmic space and are surrounded by thick layers of peptidoglycan. Gram-negative bacteria have developed different protein secretion systems (types I–VI and type VIII) in order to secrete proteins into the extracellular space. For such purpose, the XcpQ protein (which is an outer membrane protein from the secretin family) participates in different transport processes in Gram-negative bacteria.
1. The third layer of the eye is the Retina 2. The retina <span>receives light rays and images and passes them on to the Optic nerve.</span>
Answer:
Enzymes are proteins in composition which are a very essential component of the metabolic reactions in the living organisms.
The properties of enzymes allow the enzymes to be used as a reaction catalyst which increases the speed of the reaction.
The enzymes lower the threshold energy of the chemical reaction and thus increases the rate of reaction.
The enzyme catalyses very complex reactions like a breakdown of complex biomolecules as well as the formation of complex biomolecules.
The active sites are present on the enzymes which bind the substrate molecule and increases the pace of reaction.
