Answer: RNAs are not processed before translation in prokaryotes, this process only takes place in eukaryotes.
Explanation:
Messenger RNA or mRNA is a single-straded ribonucleic acid that transfers the genetic information from the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule of the cell nucleus to a ribosome (which are the machinery responsible for protein synthesis) in the cytoplasm. mRNA determines the order in which the amino acids of a protein will be joined and acts as a template or pattern for the synthesis of that protein. To accomplish this, the DNA molecule must be transcribed into an RNA molecule, which is used for protein synthesis.
The messenger RNA obtained after transcription is known as primary transcribed RNA or precursor RNA or pre-mRNA, which in most cases is not released from the transcription complex in a fully active form, but in eukaryotes it must undergo modifications before it can perform its function (RNA processing or maturation). These modifications include:
- Elimination of fragments (splicing): In most cases, the <u>mRNA undergoes the removal of internal, non-coding sequences called introns, and the connection of exons. This does not occur in prokaryotic cells</u>, as they do not have introns in their DNA.
- Protection by CAP: <u>Addition to the 5' end of the structure called "cap" or "capping"</u>, which is a modified guanine nucleotide, 7-methylguanosine triphosphate, via a 5'-5' triphosphate linkage, instead of the usual 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. This cap is necessary for the normal RNA translation process and to maintain its stability.
- Polyadenylation signal: <u>Addition to the 3' end of a poly-A tail, a long polyadenylate sequence, whose bases are all adenine</u>. Its addition is mediated by a sequence or polyadenylation signal (AAAAAA), located 11-30 nucleotides upstream of the original 3' end. This tail protects the mRNA from degradation, and increases its half-life in the cytosol, so that more protein can be synthesized.
The mature mRNA (in eukaryotes) is transferred to the cytosol of the cell through pores in the nuclear envelope. Once in the cytoplasm, ribosomes are coupled to the mRNA. However, in prokaryotes, ribosome binding occurs while the mRNA strand is being synthesized. After a certain amount of time, the mRNA is degraded into its component nucleotides by ribonucleases. So, the transcription and translation processes are carried out in a similar way as in eukaryotic cells but they occur simultaneously. But, the fundamental difference is that, in prokaryotes, the messenger RNA does not undergo a maturation process and, therefore, no cap or tail is added and no introns are removed. Moreover, it does not have to leave the nucleus as in eukaryotes, because in prokaryotic cells there is no defined nucleus.
So, RNAs are not processed before translation in prokaryotes, this process only takes place in eukaryotes.
Answer:
Why is "sunlight" written above the arrow in the equation, rather than on the either side of it?
Sunlight is neither a raw material nor a product of the reaction, and is the energy source for the reaction.
Explanation:
when it's fully charged it's a ATP and when it's runs down it's ADP
and there are times when the cells need more energy and splits off another phosphate so it goes from ADP adenoside di-phosphate, to AMP, adenosine mono-phosphate
and there you have it
Answer:
A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
Explanation:
A balanced ecosystem signifies a habitat which is sustainable. It consists of animals, plants, microorganisms and more which depend on each other and their surroundings. These ecosystems exhibit resourceful energy and material cycling. It also displays interconnectedness amid primary producers and predators.
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Answer: True
Explanation:
DNA is a biological evidence. It is a heredity material which is present in all organisms on earth. The DNA in humans can be taken as sample from nails, bones, blood, skin, hair and other sources.
The DNA samples can be taken so as to establish the identity of the culprit, victim or any one which is associated with crime.
The DNA evidence has applicability as a potent evidence in the court of law. Thus utmost care should be taken to preserve it's integrity until it is analysed and presented in the court of law.
Thus the DNA evidence should be collected and preserved in airtight containers so as to prevent the entry of airborne pathogens like bacteria, virus these can contaminate the sample evidence and can make the evidence not of any use.
