Answer:
A. Interactions between the ions of sodium chloride (solute-solute interactions).
B. Interactions involving dipole-dipole attractions (solvent-solvent interactions).
C. Interactions formed during hydration (solute-solvent interactions).
D. Interactions involving ion-ion attractions (solute-solute interactions).
E. Interactions associated with an exothermic process during the dissolution of sodium chloride (solute-solvent interactions).
F. Interactions between the water molecules (solvent-solvent interactions).
G. Interactions formed between the sodium ions and the oxygen atoms of water molecules (solute-solvent interactions).
Explanation:
The solution process takes place in three distinct steps:
- Step 1 is the <u>separation of solvent molecules.
</u>
- Step 2 entails the <u>separation of solute molecules.</u>
These steps require energy input to break attractive intermolecular forces; therefore, <u>they are endothermic</u>.
- Step 3 refers to the <u>mixing of solvent and solute molecules.</u> This process can be <u>exothermic or endothermic</u>.
If the solute-solvent attraction is stronger than the solvent-solvent attraction and solute-solute attraction, the solution process is favorable, or exothermic (ΔHsoln < 0). If the solute-solvent interaction is weaker than the solvent-solvent and solute-solute interactions, then the solution process is endothermic (ΔHsoln > 0).
In the dissolution of sodium chloride, this process is exothermic.
Answer:
4.12 moles
Explanation:
We can solve this problem with the Ideal Gases Law.
P . V = n . R . T
In our first case we have:
P = 2.3 atm
V = 32.8 L
n = 2.98 moles
T → 35°C + 273 = 308K
Let's replace data for the second case:
2.3 atm . 45.3L = n . 0.082 . 308K
n = (2.3 atm . 45.3L) / (0.082 L.atm/mol.K . 308K)
n = 4.12 moles
An atom of vanadium
(V) has 23 electrons.
Given :
A vanadium (V) atom with 23 protons and has a net charge of 0.
To find:
The number of electrons in a vanadium atom
Solution:
Number of protons in vanadium atom = 23
The 0 net charge on the atom indicates that the atom has an equal number of protons and electrons which makes it a neutral atom.
Number of electrons in vanadium atom = Number of protons in vanadium atom = 23
An atom of vanadium
(V) has 23 electrons.
Learn more about subatomic particles here:
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