Answer:
Economic growth can be caused by random fluctuations, seasonal fluctuations, changes in the business cycle, and long-term structural causes. Policy can influence the latter two.
Business cycles refer to the regular cyclical pattern of economic boom (expansions) and bust (recessions). Recessions are characterized by falling output and employment; at the opposite end of the spectrum is an “overheating” economy, characterized by unsustainably rapid economic growth and rising inflation. Capital investment spending is the most cyclical component of economic output, whereas consumption is one of the least cyclical. Government can temper booms and busts through the use of monetary and fiscal policy. Monetary policy refers to changes in overnight interest rates by the Federal Reserve. When the Fed wishes to stimulate economic activity, it reduces interest rates; to curb economic activity, it raises rates. Fiscal policy refers to changes in the federal budget deficit. An increasing deficit stimulates economic activity, whereas a decreasing deficit curbs it. By their nature, policy changes to influence the business cycle affect the economy only temporarily because booms and busts are transient. In recent decades, expansions have become longer and recessions shallower, perhaps because of improved stabilization policy, or perhaps because of good luck.
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Answer:
the purchase of a foreign asset and a forward contract in the market for foreign exchange.
Explanation:
An arbitrage is a type of trade that is caused as a result of market inefficiency.
For example, if a stock is trading at $50 on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) while it is trading for $52 on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) at the same time. Philip buys the stock on the LSE and sells the same shares immediately on the NYSE and earns a profit of $2 per share, this is referred to as an arbitrage.
This ultimately implies that, arbitrage allows an individual to profit from the price difference between similar goods, commodity, securities or currency in different markets.
A covered interest arbitrage can be defined as trading strategy in which an investor minimizes his or her currency risk by using a forward contract to hedge against the interest rate difference between two countries i.e the exchange rate risk. Thus, it's considered to be the most common interest rate arbitrage around the world.
Hence, a covered interest arbitrage involves both the purchase of a foreign asset and a forward contract in the market for foreign exchange.
