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Alisiya [41]
3 years ago
12

A French philosopher that believed in the goodness of human nature. He was a champion of freedom and once wrote that “man is bor

n free, and everywhere he is in chains,” and He agreed with many thinkers of the Enlightenment in celebrating liberty and condemning tyranny. Unlike most Enlightenment thinkers he did not embrace reason because he felt that it made them cold and unsympathetic to others. He felt that we should follow our emotions rather than reason to solve human problems. He also stressed the importance of following nature. His ideas about the goodness of nature and the evil of society became the central assumption of Romanticism. Answer Options 1. Mary Shelley 2.Jean-Jacques Rousseau 4. George Gordon Byron 5.Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
History
1 answer:
mr_godi [17]3 years ago
4 0

The correct answer is: "Rousseau"

The Enlighment movement emerged in Europe and was constituted by philosophers that promoted freedom and reason over medieval superstition and religious dogmas, and the establishment of democratic societies where the power resided on its people, and not in absolute monarchs or tyrant rulers "appointed by God". The resulting states that emerged based on the principles of this movement, enacted bills of civil rights for the first time in history, and implemented principles such as the division of powers or the social contract, through which citizens elected their governors by suffrage.

The principle of the social contract was developed by Rousseau. He promoted democratic freedoms and rights for citizens in opposition to tyrant monarchs that occupied most goverments at the time. But he did not support the predominance of reason. Instead he prefered to enhance decision making methods that included feelings and emotions, and not only scientific laws.

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Fought eighteen days apart in the fall of 1777, the two Battles of Saratoga were a turning point in the American Revolution. On September 19th, British General John Burgoyne achieved a small, but costly victory over American forces led by Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold. Though his troop strength had been weakened, Burgoyne again attacked the Americans at Bemis Heights on October 7th, but this time was defeated and forced to retreat. He surrendered ten days later, and the American victory convinced the French government to formally recognize the colonist’s cause and enter the war as their ally.

Importance of the Battle of Saratoga

The word Saratoga is shorthand for two battles that gave the coup de grace to the 1777 British invasion from Canada during the American Revolutionary War. After capturing Fort Ticonderoga with almost laughable ease, the British army, led by overconfident General John Burgoyne, crawled south at a tortoise pace, giving the rattled Americans time to regroup under Horatio Gates. To support him, General George Washington sent Benedict Arnold, his best infantry commander; Colonel Daniel Morgan and his regiment of Virginia riflemen and two brigades of Continentals from the Hudson Highlands. They raised Gates’s strength to about sixty-five hundred men. Equally important was Colonel Thaddeus Kosciusko, the Polish engineer, who built excellent field fortifications on Bemis Heights overlooking the Hudson River.

The British goal in the Battle of Saratoga was to control Upstate New York in order to isolate New England from the Southern colonies. While Burgoyne made his way slowly through the forests around Lake George, General Howe and his men, traveling North from New York City, stopped over to conquer Philadelphia before continuing north. George Washington’s army took advantage of Howe’s detour, beating a quick retreat to York, where they stopped Howe from meeting up with Burgoyne.

Did you know? To celebrate the American victory at Saratoga, the Continental Congress issued a proclamation for a national day "for solemn Thanksgiving and praise," the first official holiday observance with that name.

The Battle of Freeman’s Farm

On September 19, 1777, Burgoyne attacked. The fiery Arnold prodded Gates out of his defensive mentality, winning permission to lead Morgan’s men and Henry Dearborn’s light infantry into the woods to block a British flanking column. For most of the afternoon, a furious struggle raged around and across a clearing called Freeman’s Farm; Arnold poured in fresh regiments until the jittery Gates broke off the action, leaving the battered British in possession of the ground in what came to be known as the Battle of Freeman’s Farm.

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After fortifying his camp and waiting in vain for reinforcements from New York, Burgoyne attempted another assault on October 7, 1777. Ignoring orders from the jealous Gates to remain in his quarters, Arnold joined the fighting and led an attack that captured key strong points, forcing the British to retreat to Saratoga (modern Schuylerville). There, surrounded by a belated outpouring of militia, Burgoyne surrendered ten days later.ance to enter the conflict on the Americans side.

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