Automakers sold vehicles through department stores, by mail order and through the efforts of traveling sales representatives. The prevailing delivery system was direct-to-consumer sales.
In the early twentieth century, independently owned automobile dealerships were a rarity. Automakers sold vehicles through department stores, by mail order and through the efforts of traveling sales representatives. The prevailing delivery system was direct-to-consumer sales. In 1898, automobile enthusiast William E. Metzger established what is generally believed to be the first car dealership, a General Motors franchise. See, The First Century of the Detroit Auto Show, p.265, Society of Automotive Engineers Inc., Pennsylvania, January 2000. Today, tens of thousands franchised auto dealers conduct business across the United States. Direct automaker-to-consumer sales are now prohibited in almost every state by franchise laws requiring that new cars be sold only by licensed, independently owned dealerships. The specific prohibitions in these laws vary from state to state, but most are based on two underlying principles. The first principle is that allowing automakers to sell cars directly to customers will endanger the businesses of automobile franchisees, which presumably do not have the economic resources to compete with manufacturers on vehicle pricing. The second principle is that consumers need a knowledgeable, independent sales intermediary who is capable of guiding individuals through the buying process and can later be called on for support in the event of difficulties with the vehicle. The promotion of these principles is evident in various state franchise regulations. New York State, for example, has its Franchised Motor Vehicle Dealer Act (see, NY Vehicle and Traffic Law, Title 4, Article 17-A), which prohibits any automaker from possessing ownership in a dealership offering its vehicles. Massachusetts General Laws, Part I, Title XV, Chapter 93B, has a similar ban on manufacturer-owned dealerships. In Texas, the sale of new cars is strictly controlled by Occupations Code Title 14, Subtitle A, Chapter 2301, which provides that a manufacturer or distributor may not directly or indirectly own an interest in a franchise or non-franchised dealership. There have occasionally been challenges to the franchise distribution model for automobiles, but it has, for the most part, been accepted by automakers, dealers, and consumers. Recently, however, a nascent automaker’s attempts to bypass franchised dealers in favor of direct to consumer sales have resulted in legal skirmishes with regional automobile dealer associations in New York, Massachusetts and Texas and other states.
Following steps are followed to carry out research for declining sales,
Define the problem
List possible solution
Evaluate each alternative solution
Finalize the solution
Implement the solution
Measure results
Explanation:
Sales is very crucial element for any business. The declining sales at gents clothing brand has created a problem for business managers. The declining sales will results in many problems like, inventory obsolete issues, lesser profits, increase cost and similar. The main reason for declining sales could be change in fashion or trend. Gents clothing is very much impacted by celebrities. If some popular celebrity has changed its way of dressing the impact can be observed in entire fashion industry.
<em>The material quantity variance occurs when the actual quantity of material used to achieve a given level of output is more or less than the standard quantity expected.</em>
For Silmon Corporation, it can be computed as follows:
Quantity variance is
Gram
5,300 units should have used ( 5300× 5.1 ) 27,030
but did used <u>39,410</u>
Variance in quantity 12,380 Unfavorable
Price per unit <u> × $6</u>
Material quantity variance <u> $ 74,280</u>. Unfavorable
<span>If C-spec, inc. is attempting to determine whether an existing machine is capable of milling an engine part that has a key specification of 4 ± .003 inches and after a trial run on this machine, C-spec has determined that the machine has a sample mean of 4.001 inches with a standard deviation of .002 inch, then the intersection will be two or 2.</span>
The correct answer is Retained earnings: no effect; Paid-in capital: increase
Explanation:
The nominal value of a share establishes a limit price and no company can issue its shares at a lower price, although already issued, the price of the shares is subject to the market price. When capitalization of a corporation is required, it must be defined whether the capital will be obtained from current shareholders or new shareholders. If it is one of the existing ones, there are two options: either the cash contribution is received or the system of delivering dividends payable through shares is used, in which case, it should be clarified whether the shares delivered are preferential or privileged.