What tool do we use to measure the amount of force needed to pull an object through the floor

Well, it’s because tattoos have to get that ink deep enough that it won’t get washed away but not too deep so it remains visible — the ideal location ends up being right next to your skin’s pain receptors.

4 0

3 years ago

Water is found throughout the earth. It is comprised of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Water changes into different physical states

madam [21]

Answer:

Water obeys the Law of Conservation of Matter despite changing into different forms because when water does change forms, the amount of water stays the same. The Law of Conservation of Matter states that before matter undergoes change, be it through physical or chemical means, the same amount of matter exists. Matter cannot be created nor destroyed during the change. When water changes from a liquid to a gas the molecules change form by breaking the bonds that held them in a liquid state, but this does not create new matter. The molecules can now move more freely but are still the same as they were before. Same goes with the change from a liquid to a solid. The molecules slow down and become more compact, forming a solid. Though again, this does not create new matter nor destroy existing matter, therefore obeying the Law of Conservation of Matter.

Explanation:

7 0

3 years ago

Define monohybrid cross with explanation

UkoKoshka [18]

Answer: A monohybrid cross is a breeding experiment between P generation (parental generation) organisms that differ in a single given trait. The P generation organisms are homozygous for the given trait. However, each parent possesses different alleles for that particular trait. A Punnett square may be used to predict the possible genetic outcomes of a monohybrid cross based on probability. This type of genetic analysis can also be performed in a dihybrid cross, a genetic cross between parental generations that differ in two traits.

Traits are characteristics that are determined by discrete segments of DNA called genes. Individuals typically inherit two alleles for each gene. An allele is an alternate version of a gene that is inherited (one from each parent) during sexual reproduction. Male and female gametes, produced by meiosis, have a single allele for each trait. These alleles are randomly united at fertilization.

Explanation: The single trait being observed is pod color. The organisms in this monohybrid cross are true-breeding for pod color. True-breeding organisms have homozygous alleles for specific traits. In this cross, the allele for green pod color (G) is completely dominant over the recessive allele for yellow pod color (g). The genotype for the green pod plant is (GG), and the genotype for the yellow pod plant is (gg). Cross-pollination between the true-breeding homozygous dominant green pod plant and the true-breeding homozygous recessive yellow pod plant results in offspring with phenotypes of green pod color. All genotypes are (Gg). The offspring or F1 generation are all green because the dominant green pod color obscures the recessive yellow pod color in the heterozygous genotype.

Monohybrid Cross: F2 generation

Should the F1 generation be allowed to self-pollinate, the potential allele combinations will be different in the next generation (F2 generation). The F2 generation would have genotypes of (GG, Gg, and gg) and a genotypic ratio of 1:2:1. One-fourth of the F2 generation would be homozygous dominant (GG), one-half would be heterozygous (Gg), and one-fourth would be homozygous recessive (gg). The phenotypic ratio would be 3:1, with three-fourths having green pod color (GG and Gg) and one-fourth having yellow pod color (gg).

What Is a Test Cross? How can the genotype of an individual expressing a dominant trait be determined to be either heterozygous or homozygous if it is unknown? The answer is by performing a test cross. In this type of cross, an individual of unknown genotype is crossed with an individual that is homozygous recessive for a specific trait. The unknown genotype can be identified by analyzing the resulting phenotypes in the offspring. The predicted ratios observed in the offspring can be determined by using a Punnett square. If the unknown genotype is heterozygous, performing a cross with a homozygous recessive individual would result in a 1:1 ratio of the phenotypes in the offspring.

Using pod color from the earlier example, a genetic cross between a plant with recessive yellow pod color (gg) and a plant heterozygous for green pod color (Gg) produces both green and yellow offspring. Half are yellow (gg), and half are green (Gg). (Test Cross 1)

A genetic cross between a plant with recessive yellow pod color (gg) and a plant that is homozygous dominant for green pod color (GG) produces all green offspring with heterozygous genotype (Gg). (Test Cross 2)

7 0

3 years ago