In the early decades of the 18th century, English goods sold as much as 80 to 140 percent more in the colonies than in England primarily due to high transportation costs for goods shipped from England to the colonies.
Many products like tobacco, rice, dried rice, spices and lumber was transported during 18th century by American ships. And in return they got manufactured goods, textiles, guns and iron etc.
Goods exchange and services was the main work and earning of the people in 18th century. In India it was done in Gujarat majorly.
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The Aryans, who invaded northern India around 1500 B.C.E., changed the local culture in myriad ways, chielfy by introducing Indians to horses and cattle, as well as Aryan gods and language. Originally part of the large Indo-European group, Aryans were nomadic. They raised livestock as they moved from place to place.
In other words.... it's D
I think the answer is (b)
B-Before C- Common E-Era
Secular: adjective: denoting attitudes, activities,or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis.